NPTEL

About ET Cell

Educational Technology Cell was established in 2003. This cell was primarily conceived to produce high quality Video/Web/Multimedia based instructional material; syllabus based content development for the National Programme on Technology Enhanced Learning (NPTEL) project. Over the period of time, its role has been expanded to absorb new paradigms of e-learning, training of faculty to develop their own e-content and to use e-contents developed by NPTEL, training of faculty from other institutes to facilitate streaming of video & web based lectures in their respective institutes, streaming of video lectures round the clock on demand, at IIT Roorkee, creation of question banks and quality control of e-content generation through feedback mechanism.
The cell has state–of-the-art digital video cameras, non–linear editing systems, audio and video systems, teaching aids, substantial number of computers, servers and softwares required to produce high quality Web based and Video based courses and 3D-animation.
This centre is also connected to satellite through EDUSAT (a facility provided by ISRO).
© 2015 ET CELL, IIT Roorkee

Bilingualism

Bilingualism
Bilingualism is commonly defined as the use of at least two languages by an individual (ASHA, 2004). It is a fluctuating system in children and adults whereby use of and proficiency in two languages may change depending on the opportunities to use the languages and exposure to other users of the languages. It is a dynamic and fluid process across a number of domains, including experience, tasks, topics, and time.

Simultaneous bilingualism occurs when a young child has had significant and meaningful exposure to two languages from birth. Ideally, the child will have equal, quality experiences with both languages.
Sequential bilingualism occurs when an individual has had significant and meaningful exposure to a second language, usually after the age of 3 and after the first language is well established. These second language learners are referred to as "English language learners" in U.S. schools.
The "bilingual" experience is unique to every individual. There is variability in the amount and quality of exposure to the languages the individual learns, as well as the experiences he or she has using the languages when interacting with others.

Reference

American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. (2004). Knowledge and Skills Needed by Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists to Provide Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services [Knowledge and Skills]. Available from www.asha.org/policy.

BILLING AND REIMBURSEMENT

SIET

Role of State Institute of Educational Technology (SIET) in India

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State Institute of educational technology has been set up in six states such as Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh in order to implement the INSAT for education project effectively. These institutes are functioning under the administrative control of the SCERT in some states and in the Directorate of Education in other states.

The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) renders financial assistance of SIETs. The State Council of Education Research and Training (SCERTs) are mainly expected to implement the educational technology projects utilizing all kinds of modem media, methods and materials.

Now-a-days, more emphasis is given to the production of ETV programmes for the children in the age group 5-8 and 9-11 years and teachers of primary schools. Recently, it has taken up specific programmes for providing audio and video materials for supporting educational movements of Total Literacy Campaigns (TLC) and Universalization of Primary Education.

Under the “INSAT for EDUCATION” project, launched in 1982, State Institute of Educational Technology (SIETs) are being set up in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh and a Central Institute of Educational Technology (CIET) has been established in the NCERT, with 100% central assistance, to generate educational software for children. For the proper implementation and the developments of the potential of modem communication technology in the country, the Government has decided to make these SIETs autonomous in order to make them more professional.

Emotional development

The theoretical perspective taken toward emotional development in childhood is a combination of functionalist theory and dynamical systems theory1: A child’s encounters with an environment can be seen as dynamic transactions that involve multiple emotion-related components (e.g., expressive behaviour, physiological patterning, action tendencies, goals and motives, social and physical contexts, appraisals and experiential feeling) that change over time as the child matures and in response to changing environmental interactions. Emotional development reflects social experience, including the cultural context. Elsewhere I have argued that emotional development should be considered from a bio-ecological framework that regards human beings as dynamic systems embedded within a community context.2 Table 1 summarizes noteworthy descriptive markers of emotional development in relation to social interaction.

Table 1.  Noteworthy Markers of Emotional Development in Relation to Social Interaction

Ethnicity

An ethnic group or ethnicity is a category of people who identify with each other based on similarities, such as common ancestral, language, social, cultural or national experiences.[1][2] Unlike other social groups (wealth, age, hobbies), ethnicity is often an inherited status based on the society in which a person lives. In some cases, it can be adopted if a person moves into another society. Membership of an ethnic group tends to be defined by a shared cultural heritage, ancestry, origin myth, history, homeland, language or dialect, symbolic systems such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, art, and physical appearance.

Ethnic groups, derived from the same historical founder population, often continue to speak related languages and share a similar gene pool; they may be grouped as ethno-linguistic groups (e.g. Germanic peoples, Iranian peoples, Slavic peoples, Bantu peoples, Turkic peoples, Austronesian peoples, Nilotic peoples, etc.) By way of language shift, acculturation, adoption and religious conversion, some individuals or groups may leave one ethnic group and become part of another (except for ethnic groups emphasizing racial purity as a key membership criterion).

Cognitive development

Cognitive development is a field of study in neuroscience and psychology focusing on a child's development in terms of information processing, conceptual resources, perceptual skill, language learning, and other aspects of brain development and cognitive psychology compared to an adult's point of view. In other words, cognitive development is the emergence of the ability to think and understand.[1] A large portion of research has gone into understanding how a child imagines the world. Jean Piaget was a major force in the establishment of this field, forming his "theory of cognitive development". Piaget proposed four stages of cognitive development: the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational and formal operational period.[2] Many of his theoretical claims have since fallen out of favor. However, his description of the more prominent changes in cognition with age (e.g., that it moves from being dependent on actions and perception in infancy to an understanding of the more observable aspects of reality in childhood to capturing the underlying abstract rules and principles in adolescence) is generally still accepted today.

EDUSAT

​CEC’s EDUSAT Network

EDUSAT is the satellite exclusively devoted to meet the demands of educational sector. It was launched on September20, 2004 by Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) to meet ever increasing demand for an interactive satellite-based distance education system for the country. It has revolutionized classroom teaching through IP based technology. EDUSAT has five KU band transponders providing spot beams, one KU beam transponder providing national beam and six extended C-band transponders providing national coverage beams.  

Consortium for Educational Commission (CEC) is one amongst the five primary users of this educational satellite. ISRO has adjudged the CEC as “the best EDUSAT National Beam User” in July 2008.

At present, there are over hundred Satellite Interactive Terminals (SITs) and Receive only Terminals (RoTs) under CEC EDUSAT network, installed at various colleges, Academic Staff Colleges and Universities across the country. Many more are being added with the purpose of providing quality higher education to the remote areas through satellite network.CEC EDUSAT network is empowering students through cutting edge technology and caters the needs of students across the country.

EDUSAT live transmission

CEC EDUSAT network has done exceptionally well in the past and has won many laurels since it began live transmission on 5th September 2005. In the live transmission, CEC acts as the teaching end. Subject Experts deliver lectures live. These lectures are received by various SITs and RoTs. They are known as Class Room End. The Teaching End can be shifted from one SIT to another. Thus, the students can benefit from experts located in various Educational Institutions across the country.

The Expert can address the queries of the students in the live mode. The students can interact and ask questions using the following three methods.

§  Audio Video Conferencing
§  Text Mode
§  Through Telephones

The recorded lectures delivered during the EDUSAT transmission are also available on youtube_logo_small.png

ICT skills

What ICT skills do I need?
Suggested time: 5 minutes

ICT stands for information and communication technology, and you will need some ICT skills in order to be a successful Open University student.

You will use a computer in your OU study to help you

communicate with you tutor and other students
access the information and support you need for your study
carry out administrative activities with us, such as changing your contact details.
If you are happy moving around this site, then you probably have some of the ICT skills needed for an Access module.

However, if someone is helping you, then use the checklist to find out which areas you may need more practice in before you begin your studies with us.

ICT skills checklist
I can do the following without help:

Start up and shut down a computer

Yes   No

Use a mouse or keyboard to move around a computer screen

Yes   No

Use the internet to find and navigate around websites

Yes   No

Use email to read and send messages

Yes   No

Philosophy

Aristotle is known as the ancient Greek Philosopher who constructed the philosophy of natural realism. ... Aristotle accepted Plato's concept of form but disagreed that reality was not nonmaterial. • Aristotle believed that reality was made up of form and matter.

English

Microteaching
Page issues
Micro-teaching is a teacher training and faculty development technique whereby the teacher reviews a recording of a teaching session, in order to get constructive feedback from peers and/or students about what has worked and what improvements can be made to their teaching technique. Micro-teaching was invented in the mid-1960s at Stanford University by Dwight W. Allen, and has subsequently been used to develop educators in all forms of education.

In the original process, a teacher was asked to prepare a short lesson (usually 20 minutes) for a small group of learners who may not have been their own students. This was then recorded on video. After the lesson, the teacher, teaching colleagues, a master teacher and the students together viewed the videotape and commented on what they saw happening, referencing the teacher's learning objectives. Seeing the video and getting comments from colleagues and students provided teachers with an often intense "under the microscope" view of their teaching

English

Pedagogic  Analysis

PEDAGOGIC ANALYSIS
Introduction:
The word pedagogy comes from the Greek word paidagogeo, [Latin paedagogia] in  which   paidos means "child" and  agogos means "lead"; so it literally means "to lead the child“ or “to guide the child”
In Ancient Greece, a slave –paidagogos- was assigned to a wealthy master’s son, to take him to school, supervise him while in school, and carrying his equipment such as musical instruments, etc.
Pedagogy refers to educational schools of thought or philosophies regarding how people learn and how teachers should assist in that learning.

Sociological perspective of education(national integration)

India is a multi-racial and multilingual country. These diversities are the feature of India. But the culture of India makes her people feel that they are the children of mother India. India is an excellent example of ‘Unity in Diversity‘. Foreign invasions and conquests from time to time, could not crush the spirit of unity of culture.

In ancient times, India was divided in many small Kingdoms and the kings of these Kingdoms were engaged in fighting with each other for political power. But there was not the issue of religion. In the last century when British was ruling over India and the Indian people began their movement against the British ruler for the freedom of their motherland. The ruler tried to disturb the national integration of our country by applying the ‘divide and rule’ policy to curb the movement. In pursuance of that policy they began to show their favor alternatively to this community or that. In this way they had sown the seeds of misunderstanding and jealousy in the minds of the people.

English

ENGLISH AS THE GLOBAL LANGUAGE

As global communication expands throughout the world, so does the need for a global language. A language that is recognized and understood by people everywhere. In many parts of the world that language has been established, English. In most countries around the globe the English language can be found in some form or another, whether it be an international news broadcast, such as CNN, or a Chicago Bulls tee-shirt. "What centuries of British colonialism and decades of Esperanto couldn’t do, a few years of free trade, MTV, and the Internet has. English dominates international business, politics, and culture more than any other language in human history." (Rohde) For this world to be truly global, there must be some commonality or ease of communication. "If trade and tourism around the world are going to operate and a global economy function and a global culture flourish, a widely shared, reasonably accessible language is requisite." (Stevenson)